Mangroves act as natural defenses that protect people and property from flooding, reducing coastal risk. Yet these protective benefits are often not fully accounted for in policy and management decisions, and mangroves continue to be lost. This work rigorously values the social and economic coastal protection benefits provided by mangroves. By identifying where these natural coastal defenses provide the greatest flood reduction benefits, this work informs policies for adaptation, sustainable development, and environmental restoration.

随着城市化的快速发展，城市范围和人口密度的快速增长，不可避免地导致了生态空间破碎化和部分生物多样性的丧失，丧失了部分生态系统服务。为了能够引导城市建设者建造更多高品质的多功能性的城市绿地，增加城市的生态韧性，辅助城市以自适应来以响应未来的不确定性扰动，TNC 已经在上海打造了多个生境花园项目示范点。本手册是为了让更多的专业人士了解和使用生境花园的原则和方法而编制的。